A place of magnificent history cradled by the sea and sky, and offering both entertainment and tranquility. Bodrum is a blue dream, a gift of nature’s bounty.

The town was found around two crescent-shaped bays linked by Bodrum Castle, from which it radiates towards the surrounding hills, ith white houses crowned with colourful bougainvillea, their window frames painted the colour known as Bodrum blue. Not more than two storeys high, these clean white houses were built close togother to provide shade, forming narrow streets which lead to the sea; charming streets where wooden doors open onto secluded gardens. Bodrum’s unique character, a modern approach to living uniting the past and present , has made it one of the most outstanding resorts in Turkey and in the world.

As one of the most attractive coastal towns anywhere, Bodrum is also an important port of call for cruise ships, with at least 50 luxury calling at Bodrum’s big ship dock per year, some with up to 4000 pessengers. There are also ferryboats to many neighbouring Greek islands. The Milas – Bodrum Airport plays a vital role in Bodrum’s transportation network, serving millions of passengers per year on domestic and international flights, and is just 35 minutes from the town centre.

Bodrum yatch harbour extends along the coastal strip in the town centre, its natural beauty, facilities, capacity and modern infrastructure making it one of the most popular harbours in Turkey with foreign and Turkish yaching visitors.

Having a mix of venues of different styles: restaurants including local eateries, bistros, cafes, bars and night clups; Bodrum manages to be a resort which attracts and has something to please visitors of all ages and tastes. Local culture has been preserved in the old streets of the shopping area which bear traces of their centuries old history and rich cultural background. Bodrum has recently begun to make its mark as a golfing destination, now having golf clubs of international standart which have hosted various tournaments.

Bodrum history and famous natives

The magnificent city of antiquity, Halicarnassus – today Bodrum, is on a peninsula which has been much desired and fought over during its 3000 – year history. Before the founding of the modern Turkish Republic , Bodrum captivated people’s hearts and was in turn controlled by the Lelegians, Carians, Persians, Byzantines, Mentese Beyligi (Principality), the Knights of Rhodes and the Ottomans; and with traces of this rich past surviving to the present day, is a kind of town only rarely encountered.

In addition to the Mausoleum, which was one of the seven wonders of the world; Bodrum castle, the ancient theatre, Myndos Gate, the city walls, old houses, towers and many other structures have been a part of this town for centuries.

The Bodrum peninsula was part of the ancient region of Caria, home to the Kar tribe. Research and excavations have determined that the Carian civilisation dates back 3000 years. In addition to those of the Lelegians and Carians , the remains of many other civilizations are encountened in the area.

Bodrum was the hometown of Heredotus of Halicarnassus. Considered the world over to be the founder of the study of history, and known as the “Father of History”, the ancient writer Heredotus (484 – 425 B.C.) was born in Halicarnassus during its period of Persian rule.

He took an interest in the ancient life of the east, to which he was exiled, and was a travelling historian who witnessed wars and political and social events in Caira and Mediterrranean and northern regions. His work entitled “Historia” which later came to mean “History” in western languages, is the first book of its kind ever written. It is also considered the only source containing detailed information about the Persian Wars.

Mausolus and Artemisia

Coming to the throne in 377 B.C. After his father Hecatomnus, Mausolus moved the capital of the Kingdom of Caria to Halicarnassus,which was a turning point in the development of the city. Earning a place in history for her famous victory in Rhodes, Mausolus’s sister /wife Artemisia 2. gave theworld one ofits”Seven ancient wonders” in the from of the Mausoleum, the spectacular tomb she erected in memory of her husband.

The legend of Salmakis Fountain

One day of his travels, Hermaphroditus, the handsome son of Hermes and Aphrodite, the goddess of love, camo to the bay in Bodrum which is today called bardakci. While he was resting beside the stream there, the water fairy Salmakis fell in love with him at first sight, but he rejected her. She then prayed to the god that they may never be separated and they granted her wish uniting the pair in one body. This legend is the origin of the term “Hermaphrodite”, used to describe organisms having both male and female reproductive organs.

Halicarnassus Mausoleum

This was built in the center of Halicarnassus for Mausoleusi who died in 353 B.C., by his wife Artemisia Iıi who was also his sister. The Mausoleum was one of the seven wonders of the world. Today, the remains lie in a pit on the site. The monument’s base measured 32X38 meters, and it was situated in the northeast corner of an area whose long side measured 105 m.

According to ancient sources, the Mausoleum was comprised of four sections. At the base was a tall podium exhibiting local and Anatolian architectural style. Upon this was a Greek temple-type colonnade having a total of 36 Ionic columns, 11 on the long sides, and 9 0n the shorter sides; above which was en Egyptian influenced pyramidal roof with 24 steps, and finally at the very top, statues of Artemisia and Mausoleus in a chariot drawn by 4 horses. The Mausoleum was not touched when Alexander the Great captured the city in M.Ö. 334 B.C. And this huge monument stood in the center for 16 centuries.

The monument was severely damaged in the great Anatolian eartquake of 1304, and many of its stones were used by the Knights of St. Peter’s Castle (Bodrum Castle). The original reliefs and statues of Artemis and Mausolus were taken to Britain in the 19^th century, and are now on display in the British Museum. Replicas of the Artemisia ans Mausolus statues may be seen in front of Bodrum castle.

Up to the 16^th century, the world “Mausoleum” was used only for this monument, but with the Renaissance it became a general term referring to all monumental tombs of this type.

Thus, the English word “Mausoleum”, the French “Mausolee” and Turkish “Mozole” originate from the name of King Mausolos.

Although not in its former glory, one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World is still situated in the heart of Bodrum, and continues to add its magic to the town.

The Ancient Theatre

The theatre was the focal entertaintment point for the people of Halicarnassus. The ancient theatre is an imposing structure situated to the north of the old city, built into the south side of Goktepe Hill, an area which was used as a necropolis (cemetery). The theatre incorporates all the characteristics of pre Roman Empire theatres. Built by King Mausolus in the 4^th century B.C., it is one of the oldest theatres in Anatolia.

Still standing with most of its important parts intact, including the altar just in front of the stage dedicated to Dionysus, the god of wine, the theatre has been renovated, and today hosts cultural and artistic events, and can seat an audience of 4000.

Imagining how the audiences of antiquity were able to wiev the harbour, the palace of Mausolus and magnificent Mausoleum as they sat on the tiers of the theatre, we can get a sense of the prominence of art in their lives and their fine tastes. Today’s audiences enjoy a dreamlike experience during the summer concerts and stage performances held in this spectacular, atmospheric, historic venue.

The Ottoman Tower

The first shipyard in Bodrum and forerunner to those of today , the ottoman Shipyard and Tower are located by the road at the west corner of Bodrum Marina. The watchtower at the shipyard entrance was erected to have forewarning against pirate attack, and today serves as an art gallery. The shipyard was founded in 1775 to provide new ships for the Ottoman navy, and the first ship’s keel was laid here in 1784.

Ancient Myndos

Myndos is the ancient city that lies awaiting further discovery beneath the ground in the village of Gumusluk on the far west of the Bodrum peninsula, renowned for its enchanting views of the sun setting over Tavsan (Rabbit) Island at the entrance to the bay. Established by the lelegians, Myndos was an important port during the Carian period. The stones of the ancient harbour mole now lie just beneath the water of the bay, linking Tavsan Island to the mainland.

The mountain villages built by the inhabitants as refuges from the frequent pirate attacks of the 16^th century have suffered less from the ravages of time. Gumusluk was built on the remains of ancient Myndos, and Hellenistic column capitals and other architectural remnants can be seen incorporated inte the walls of many of the houses.

Myndos was one of 8 Lelegian settlements founded on the Halicarnassus peninsula around 1200 B.C. Remains in the city date to the 4^th century B.C. Excavations begun in 2005 at the side of hillside dwellings, a Roman bath, temple, holy spring of the Greek Orthodox, and similar places have revealed many movable and immovable artefacts. Later excavations on Tavsan Island uncovered bases of temples, a basilica, necropolis, water cisterns and aqueducts. Gumusluk of the magnificent sunsets continues to preserve the history of Myndos in its depths.

Myndos Gate

When the ruler of the day, Mausolus, moved the state’s capital to Halicarnessus in 377 B.C., he built 7 km long ramparts around the city. Access to the city through these very sound walls was via two gates on the east and west sides. The walls were damaged during the siege of Alexander the Great and the big Anatolian earthquake. Portions at the western entrance have been restored, and can be seen today in the open air museum on the site.

Bodrum Castle and Archaeology Museum

The castle of St. Peter (Bodrum Castle) is built on a rocky peninsula named Zephyria, situated between two bays. The Knights of St. John of Rhodes came to this region which had been inhabited by various peoples for millenniums, and began to built their own castle on the promontory in 1402. The Vatican accorded great importance to the construction of this castle, sending Christians to built it. In 1409, the Pope issued a circular declaring that anyone who worked on it would guarantee their place in heaven.

With the completion of the ramparts in 1437, the castle was finished, and following Rhodes, was the most strategically important point for the knights, who at the same time built a watchtower on a hill opposite the castle overlooking the bay. The Bodrum Underwater Archaeology Museum is housed in the castle built by the Knights of St. John. Nearly all the castle’s towers are today in use as museum display areas.

Without spoiling the castle’s atmosphere, new structures have been built inside to expand display space and house special exhibits such as the Serce Harbour and Uluburun shipwrecks. Another of the exhibits weel-worth visiting is that of the Carian Princess Island, who ascended to the throne after the death of King Mausolus, and whose tomb was discovered in 1989 complete with many valuable possessions of the princess, including her perfectly preserved gold crown.

Considered by Time Magazine to be one of the 10 most important archaelogical discoveries of the century, the world’s oldest known shipwreck, the Uluburun Wreck is on display in the Bodrum Underwater Archaeology Museum, which is one of the most important of its kind anywhere.

Pedasa

This is an ancient city of the Lelegians, considered the earliest inhabitants of the Carian region, and is situated in the Gokceler neighbourhood of the Konacik district to the north of Bodrum Town. Visitors to the site will see the remains of tombs and walls that were perfectly constructed with outstanding stone craftmanship. A pleasant green walking path winds through Pedasa, which bequeathed to Bodrum by the the Lelegians, is one of the region’s oldest heritage sites.

Aspat

Archaelogical surveys have found Lelegian period ramparts and settlement remains on the upper northern slopes and around the peak of Aspat hill. Military and agricultural structures have been found dating from the time of these earliest inhabitants of the peninsula on Strobilos (Aspat), which later became an important commercial port and military base for the Byzantine Empire in Western Anatolia. It was one of several ports opened for trading with Venice, which indicates there must have been considerable shipping traffic in the region.

The Maritime Museum

The origins of seafaring in Bodrum date back to Antiquity, and even as far back as the Bronze Age. Information and artefacts relating to the evolution of this vital aspect of Bodrum’s economic and social life are exhibited in the Maritime Museum in downtown Bodrum. Here, you can delve into Bodrum’s maritime history and see many models of Bodrum type boats, as well as enjoy one of the world’s largest shell collections.

Lelegian Tholos Tomb

This tomb is thought to have been built for their king by Caria’s Bodrum’s first inhabitants the Lelegians. More than 3000 years old, this tomb in the form of a tumulus overlooks the bay of Torba. The main reason it has survived to the present in the superior building skills and stone masonary of the Lelegian craftmen. Upon visiting the site, you will be struck by how Torba bay is under the surveillance of an ancient Leleg king. The Lelegians played an important role in Bodrum’s past, their culture influencing the peninsula and wider Aegean region, and further traces of their lives await discovery.

Kilisebükü

Kilisebükü bay is named for the Byzantine church on its shore, and is one of the main anchorages on a Blue Cruise out of Bodrum. There are many other ruins around the bay, which the remote location, long inaccessible by road, has preserved. Diving is forbidden in the bay.

Visited only yatchts, this bay is one of the rare places still retaining its natural assets and wealth. As the gateway to the Gulf of Gökova, Kilisebükü has special importance as a key to sustainable yachting tourism. This is an incomparable bay which Nature’s touch has endowed with great beauty, also containing remains from the Byzantine, Ottoman and Hellenistic periods.

Apostolic Church

The area around Gundogan Bay has several noteworthy historical sites, including the Peynir Cicegi cave where Chalcolictic and Eraly Bronze Age findings indicate the cave was used at least 5000 years ago, and the St. Apostol Church at the highest point on Kücük tacsan (Little Rabbit) island opposite the bay.

Ancient city of Telmessos

Another of the ancient settlements on the peninsula is Telmessos, the remains of which are on a hill to the north of the main road, in the village of Gürece. Here there are remnants of hellenistic period bastions. Herodotus of Bodrum wrote of a temple of Apollo here which he said was famous for prophesizing, but no traces of it remain.

Girelbelen Village

The abandoned village of Girelbelen in a steep, pine-filled, unspoilt valley of Yalikavak, exhibits traces of Bodrum’s recent past, and charms visitors with its incomparable views.

Yacht harbor, is a many award winning natural harbor. Once upon a time, being the second harbor where ships can berth after Mersin, on the south shore of Turkey, Yacht Harbor has become a harbor which only yachts and some fishing boats use today. Today, domestic and foreign tourists can day trip Mediterranean shores with yachts on the harbor which hosted many civilizations in its history.

Toy museum being opened in Yacht Harbor, Toy Museum displays approximately 3 thousands toys selected from everywhere in the world and extending from 1860s to the present day. At the entrance of the museum, cartoon character of kidness Red Kit, its coward dog Rin Tin Tin and enemies Dalton Brothers welcome children and those having a child in their hearts. There are nearly 150 toy museum in the world. Antalya Toy Museum in one of the most successful examples in the world.

Hıdırlık Tower, having reached from Roman Era Attaleia to the present day as strong and original to a large extent, Hıdırlık Tower is located in Kılıncaslan district, Kaleici. While Hıdırlık Tower is a mausoleum which is the only example for Anatolia with its type specific to City of Rome and its both from and monumental, it was rearranged to use for various purposes throughout the history.

Ahi Kızı tomb was built in a second quarter of 15th century and located in the northwest across Ahi Kızı mosque.

Ahi Kızı Mosque was built in 14th century. It is a cubic single domed mosque. You can enter the building from the north through a door with lancet arch. There is a woman’s loge at the northern edge of the mosque.

Ahi Yusuf mosque was built in 1249 – 1250 by Ahi Yusuf. There is a tomb built as two storeys and combined with the mosque by means of a wall here. Lower floor of the tomb is burial chamber, upper part is a small Islamic monastery. There are three graves in the gap between the mosque and the tomb two of which are inscriptions.

Karaalioglu Park is being the first park of Antalya and embellished with colorful flowers in the scene of fasciating Toros Mountains at the backdrop, Karaalioglu Park offers its visitors magnificent view of Antalya with sparkling sunshine over the sea. The park harbors many birds species as well as having the most beautiful scene of Antalya. Having spread out in Tropical Asia and Africa, green parrots are not known how to have come to Antalya and dwelled Karaalioglu park. However, the only known fact is they add color to park and joy for the visitors.

Castle Gate is being a trade center for many civilizations in its hundreds years history. Castle Gate is is open air museum at the same time. It is however the heart of Antalya with its best known name. Caravans coming for trade in the past stayed in Kaleici. Castle Gate acted as trade center and became the heart of civilizations founded. It was restored in 1996 and gained its present appearance.

Tomb of Nigar Hatun is rumored the tomb belongs to mother of Sehzade Korkut. The building was repaired in 1961 and changed to a great extent. There is a symbolic coffin which was understood to have been built subsequently and attributed to Nigar Hatun.

Yivli Minaret is the first Turkish structure in Antalya and near Clock Tower in the center. According to its inscription, it was built during the reign(1219 – 1236) of Anatolian Seljuk emperor Alaattin Keykubat. Being layed with bricks, its body comprises eight semi cylinders. Even if a mosque is located near minaret, it must have been destructed. The mosque near the minaret belongs to a later era, 1372. It was built by so Tavasi Balaban during period of Hamitogulları, a Turkish communion.

Karatay Madrasa in one of the important Turkish Islamic structures in the center of province and was built in the middle of 13th century. Stone carvings at the entrance gate and in its altar (shoving Mecca) are one of the most beautiful Seljuk architecture.

Kesik Minaret, this monument a record of nested history of Antalya, is a mosque top of which is formed by cut minaret. Indeed, it was built as a basilica in 5th century. Few parts remained from the first artifact, underwent a change in Byzantine period. It witnessed periods of Rome, Byzantine, Seljuk and Ottoman periods and became known as Kesik Minaret because it was destroyed during fire.

Balbey mosque, built in Antalya in 15th century by Bali Bey who lived in Antalya and is the grandson of Malkoc Bey, Bali Bey (Balbey) Mosque carries traces of Turkish Islamic civilization.

İki kapılı Caravansarai, built at the end of 19th century is rectanguler plan and includes 11 places. Each place has an original intermediate floor which is reached inside itself. East block is single storey and contains 12 shops. Blocks in the north and south are two storied. Ground floor spaces are completely opened to the courtyard of caravanserai. Top floor rooms used as malls today functioned as mansion for passengers in the past.

Kuşadası (lit. the Bird Island) is the most beautiful bay of the Aegean Sea. Its international marina is a popular port of call for yatchs, while its harbour is a favourite stopover for cruise ships. Discerning visitors return time and again to Kuşadası, for its crystal-clear sea, its miles of Blue Flag sandy beaches, its hotels offering secure acoommodation, its holiday resorts and its pensions geared to meet the visitors every need.

The hinterland of Kuşadası is endowed with a rich historical heritage, whose archaeological diversity is reflected at sites such as Güvercinada (Dove Island), Pygale (a center for Mycenean ceramics), Kadıkalesi (the judge’s fortress), Davutlar Kurşunlu Monastery, hidden in the hillside, Öküz Mehmet Paşa Caravanserai, the Kaleiçi (Citadel) Mosque, and the ancient Ionian settlement of Neopolis.

Dilek Yarımdası Milli Parkı (Dilek Peninsula National Park) teems with the rich flora and fauna endemic to the region. The Zeus Cave, once favoured by Zeus, still preserves its mystery and beauty.

Activities available for more active or adventurous visitors include trekking, scuba-diving, swimming, thermal baths, safaris, cultural tours and cave exploration. Those seeking evening entertaniment will find it on Barlar Sokagı (Street of Bars). Hotels, holiday villages, discos, clubs, cafes and the Adaland Aquapark provide plenty of other opportunities for recreation in Kuşadası.

The attractive kuşdası cuisine with its delicious tastes merges traditional Turkish cooking with other Aegean specialities. The hotels serve Turkish and international cuisine, often blended in their world-renowned open buffets. With more than four thousand boutiques offering both traditional and modern wares, Kuşadası is a paradise for shopping.

The short look at the history of Kuşadası

Founded by the Lelegians in 3000 BC, the area was settled by the Aeolians in the 11th century BC and later by the Ionians in the 9th century BC. The Ionians were seafarers, overseas traders and some of the world’s first “get-rich-quick” merchants. Their ensuring political power enabled them to found twelve cities, known as the Ionian Colonies. Kuşadası was known in antiquity as “Neopolis” (New Town), and it became one of the most important ports of Anatolia opening to Mediterranean. The rule over the city by the Lydians (7th century BC) and the Persians (546 BC) lasted until Alexander the Great of Macedonia captured the whole of Anatolia in 334 BC. The city fell under Roman domination in the 2nd century BC; then, Kuşadası become a religious centre in the early years of Christianity, when St. John and the Virgin Mary settled in nearby Efes (Ephesus). During the Byzantine Period Kuşadası was known as “Ania”, and become a haven for pirates during the Middle Ages. During the period of Venetian and Genoese domination (15th century) it was known as “Scala Nova”.

Turkish domination began with the conquest of the region by Seljuk Sultan Kılıç Aslan 2 in 1186. The area then became an export gateway to the Aegean for caravan routes. Kuşadası fell under the domination of the Ottomans in 1413 during the beylikler period (the period of principalities); after that, it remained under Turkish domination and was adorned with many new works.

The ancient ports of the Menderes (Meander) Valley were Ayasulug (Ephesus) and Balat (Milet). However, when the sea withdrew both harbours became silted up and the region needed a new port; this was built at Kuşadası. Trading in the eastern Mediterranean was at that time controlled by the Venetians and the Genoese, and so the new port was called “Scala Nova” (New Pier in Italian). It became a complete trading colony with its consulates, warehouses and trading houses. The Muslim Turks generally preffered to live in the “Andızkule” regioni five kilometres inland of Kuşadası.

Kuşadası arrived at what is more or less its present day layout in the 17th century, when the Ottoman Grand Vizier ÖküzMehmet Pasha built the city walls and a religious complex, as well as bringing in water for the city dwellers and creating a public water distribution network. During the primacy of the Venetians and the Ottomans, Güvercinada served as a military base; in 1834 it was extensively rebuilt and its renowned fortress was built. The present day name Kuşadası, was derived from this fortress. Kuşadası was part of Izmir province until 1954, when it was reassigned to Aydın province, since then its development rapidly took off. The tourism potential of the area began to be tapped in the 1960s, and hotels, pensions, camping sites, holiday resorts and summer residences were built in quick succession. During the same period a marina was constructed and port facilities improved and enlarged.

Since then Kuşadası has became an established recreational centre, much esteemed for the quality and multiplicity of its attractions and for the hopitality and kindness of its inhabitants.

The geography of Kuşadası: A natural beauty spot

Kuşadası County, alongside the Aegean Sea, is the touristic region of Aydın Province. It is encompassed by the counties of Selçuk (in Izmir) to the north, Germencik to the northwest, and Söke to the east and south. It encompassesthe coastal plain in the east and southeast of the gull of Kuşadası and the low-lying plateau behind. The western part of Kuşadası, with its 50 kilometres long coast, faces the Aegean Sea. To the east and south-east are mountains, while the county’s natural beauty spots and tourist attractions are located in two main areas and six villages.

Güzelçamlı (Marvellous Pines) National Park may justly claim to be the richest national park in Turkey, for itsvariety of flora and fauna. All types of vegetation cover native to the coastal Aegean, Marmara, Mediterranean and Black Sea regions can all be found here.

Climate

Kuşadası has a temperate Mediterranean climate

Average Monthly Temperature

• Month          Air          Seawater
• January       12            15
• February     12            15
• March          14            15
• April             20            16
• May             25             19
• June            32             22
• July             34             23
• August        38             24
• September  30             22
• October       25            20
• Novomber    18            18
• December    14            17

How to get Kuşadası

By Air

Visitors fly to the Adnan Menderes Airport in Izmir, and continue by road to Kuşadası

By Road

Many coach companies provide regular services between the various cities of Turkey and Kuşadası.

The coach journey from Izmir to Kuşadası takes about 1.5 hours. There are regular services between Kuşadası and Izmir departing at half-hour intervals.

By Sea

There is a major port with two piers in Kuşadası. International cruisers regularly stop here. In the summer season day-tours to Sisam (Samos) and cruises to other Greek Islands can be arranged throughlocal travel agents.

Must see sights of Kuşadası

Öküz Mehmet Paşa Caravanserai with its distinctive architecture could be the first stop on your itinerary in Kuşadası. It was an Ottoman stronghold, built by the Grand Vizier Öküz Mehmet Pasha in 1618 to foster overseas trade. The caravanserai situated near the pier of Kuşadası, was extensively renovated in 1996.

The courtyard of the caravanserai, approximately 18.5 by 21.6 metres, is surrounded by a two-storey portico. The entrance of the caravanserai on the north facade is a 2.96 meter-wide marble doorway bonded by a shallow arch, and the gate has a plain design. The safekeeping section, where the wares were held, the gatekeepere’s lodge and the ablution fountain, recently converted to a swimming pool, are the principal points of interest for visitors. The portico sections are spanned with cross vaults, each with a cell behind. Every cell has a fireplace and niches of various dimensions for storage. The caravanserai was covered with a flat roof, and, in order to stand firm against attacks from the sea, the north and north-eastern facades were built especially to be stronger than other parts. There is also a gate on the eastern facade leading to the marketplace.

Kaleici (Citadel) Mosque has a distinctive architecture. It was commissioned by the Grand Vizier Öküz Mehmet Pasha in 1618, and it is also called as Öküz mehmet Pasha Mosque. The gate of the mosque is embeelished with mother-of-pearl inlays and decorated with interlocking geometric panels. The mosque has a dome resting on a dodecagonal (twelwe-sided) drum perforated with sixteen windows. Situated in the marketplace, the building was extensively restored in 1830.

Güvercinada, the amulet or lucky charm of Kuşadası, is a small island just off the Kuşadası coast. The island is connected to the mainland by a causeway, and the fortress, built on a rock outcrop, is very picturesque. The fortress fulfilled its function for many years, and is also known as the Korsan (Corsair’s) Fortress. Today it is a tourist attraction, but during the Ottoman Period it served as an outpost to defend the port against potential attacks from the Aegean islands, all the more likely in the aftermath of the More Uprising. The tower, central to the function of the fortress, was built at the highest point on the island. A cistern was also installed. The fortress has been extensively refurbished, and restaurants, cafes and recreation areas have been introduced, so that visitors can enjoy the historical building amid pleasant facilities. In the evening the fortress is illuminated, adding to its enchanment. Naturally, it has become a favourite spot for young couples to imbibe the charming ambience of moonlight nights.

In the Dilek Peninsula National Park chasms of wild canyons adorned with unique flora cut through the mountains to meet the sea breeze in secluded coves where visitors can be captivated by the bosom of nature.

An impressive variety of plant species can be found in the National Park. It is the last place where the Anatolian Leopard was wont to roam, and today it is a regular haunt of sea turtles and Mediterranean seals. The Dilek Peninsula National Park incorporates the decline of Mount Samson int the Aegean Sea, as well as the Akdere and Karakter forestry areas, and a total of 11.012 hectares. It is a hilly area, approximately 20 kilometres long and 6 kilometres wide. Mount Samson is the westernmost part of the Mountain Range of Aydın. Its average height is 600-650 meters, and the highest peak is Dilek Hill (1237 m). The Dilek Peninsula is wedged between the Küçük (Lesser) and Büyük (Greater) Menderes Rivers and is a part of the Menderes Massif, which is 500 millennia old.

The peninsula is punctuated by the many deep canyons and gorges that have been carved into it by descending streams. These canyons and gorges are the habitat of many plant and animal species. Red pine, European black pine, Mediterranean cypress, Judas-tree, Phoenician juniper and oak are among the most prevalent arboreal species; however, adible examples, such as Anatolian chesnut, carob, fig, common hawthorn and blackberry shrubs, are also abundant. The strong perfumes of lima (Tilia) trees, of jasmine and honeysuckle, and oleander shrubs, may intoxicate you as you pass among them.

The wild animals that you may have the chance to see on your walk include wolves, foxes, jackals and lynxes, as well as badgers, martens, hedgehogs, boars and golden eagles. The marine animals you may catch a glimpse of are sea turtles, dolphins, common sea breams, eels and octopi. The azure sea, the golden sand and the lush greenness of vegatation all come togother in the coves of the National Park. İcmeler Cove is quite shallow and safe, and it can be reached through a woodland of monumental trees. Aydınlık Cove has a fine sandy beach, five kilometres in lenght. Apart from the tranquillity provided by the natural surroundings, there are picnic sites on the beaches. More adventurous souls can head deep into the canyons of Dilek Peninsula National Park and climb the arduous route through Dikkaya Gorpe up to the peak. The rich plant life of the National Park makes the rest stops more enticing. Good swimming may be found at Kavaklı Point and Karasu Cove, and Zeus Cave, which harbours a natural swiiming pool, offers the chance of further adventure.

You will observe the imperviousness of the cities and buildings of antiquity to the passage of time.

Pygale is 3 kilometres north of Kuşadası. The arcaeological finds at Pygale bear witness to an ancient settlement, believed to have been founded by the Mycenaean King Agamemnon. Geographer Strabo refers to a Temple of Artemis in the city. Experts believe that Pygale was one of the centres of Mycenaean ceramics.

Neopolis (Yılancı – Snake Charmer’s point), the city of antiquity, is in the appearance of a second peninsuls beyond Güvercinada, jutting into the sea. Having been the first settlement at Kuşadası, it is believed to have been founded by the Ionians. Only a few ruined traces have survived to our day, but it is a favourite spot on the itinerary of local tours.

Kadıkalesi Fortress is a historical gem. It is situated on the 10th kilometer of the road leading to Davutlar from Kuşadası. It was a Byzantine fortress built on the shore and intended to dominate the gorge between Samos (Sisam) Island and the mainland. The fortress was built on top of a Bronze Age earthen mound. Archaeological excavations around the small mosque have revealed a chapel from the Mid-Byzantine Period and fourteen burials of woman and children. The city gate and square-planned tower have also been restored. Among the archaeological finds are many imported items, Mycenaean ceramics and local terra-cota ware, a lead seal, fragments of architectural statues, and coins from the Roman and Islamic eras.

The Panionium is an Ionian sanctuary that impressed even Herodotus. The ancient city of Pnationium is situated in the town of Güzelcamlı. It was the centre of the twelve Ionian cities that had come togother to form the Ionian League. The Panionium has an impressive natural site, located on the northern shore of the Dilek Peninsula National Park, at the foot of Mount Samson, known as Mount Mycale in ancient times. Heredotus described the Panionium’s geography as follows: “The Ionians, meeting in the Panionium, founded their cities in the best climate of the world that is known to us. Neither the northern nor the southern region comes close to equalling the climate of Ionia. As for the eastern and western areas, some are cold and humit, others hot and barren.”

The site contains an Ionian temple devoted to Poseidon, dating from the 8th century BC, and functioning as a centre for festivals and games as well as religious ceremonies. It is noteworthy that when the Persians wiped the Lydian Kingdom from the surface of the earth (in the 6th century BC) and started occupying Anatoliai the Panionium became the first centre of Ionian unity and resistance to the threat. During the period of Alexander the Great the Panionium was renowned for its splendid festivals.

Access to the Davutlar Kurşunlu Monastery is quite diifcult, but the scenery is worth the effort. The historical building situated in the Davutlar area of Kuşadası is throught to have been a Byzantine Orthodox monastery built in the 11th century. It is believed that the site was chosen on safety grounds, as it is quite high and hidden away from sight. The monastery, which also provided education, contains a refectory, a larder, a kitchen, monks cells, an infirmary, a chapel and a necropolis (cemetery), the defensive walls and cellars. The frescos that adorn the monastery’s ceiling are still very impressive. During the Iconoclastic Period, which began in 726 and ended in 843, symbolic and geometric motifs were deployed; with the end of this period religious events and personages were figuratively depiced. When the region came under the domination of Seljuk sultans in the 12th century, a period of religious freedom provided the opportunity for new frescoes generally depicting scenes from the life of Jesus Christ as well as biblical stories.

The Çalıkuşu House Culture & Art Centre, with its impressive architecture, should also be visited. The houses, constructed in the traditional architecture of Kuşadası, were taken under protection and have become an important point of call on culture tours. The most prominent of them is the old Turkish house of Feride, the teacher, whose story was told in the novel “Çalıkuşu” (The Wren) by Turkish author Resat Nuri Güntekin. It was renovated and converted into a culture and arts centre and opened to visitors. The two-storey building, with its hipped roof and larger upper-floor plan with protruding cantilever expansion, as well as louvered windows with wooden grills, is quite picturesque. The garden of the house and the exquisite bird figures carved in the building’s eaves are eye cathing.

Age-old traditions of seafaring and harbouring live Kuşadası’s international marina. The harbour provides one of the most important marinas for yachts along the Turkish coast, on account of its developed capacity, its technical equipment and the quality of service it provides. The marina operates around the clock and has the capacity for 650 boats. It is visited annually by 2500-3000 craft. There is a regular daily passenger boat service from Kuşadası port to the Greek island of Samos (Sisam) between 1 April 20 October. The same service is available on a charter basis during the winter season. Along with day-tripping boats and boats hired by the hour, Blue Cruise yachts are also available at the port.

Setur Kuşadası Marina provides highly qualified technical support and service to yatchs and mariners. It is the closest marina to the Temple of Artemis, one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World, as well as to the House of the Virgin Mary and St John’s Church in Ephesus. The diving school operating in the marina provides special diving tours during the summer season, and during the winter season there are various fishing excursions.

The port of Kuşadası, visited by 600 larger-tonnage cruise ships annually, hs two piers and is a popular stopover on Mediterranean cruises. It is a visitors respite on the regular routes of the most famous cruise-ship operators in the world. The boats carry visitors from foreign lands. It is clear that Kuşadası port has become a favourite with visitors because of its natural beauty as well as its modern facilities that meet the highest international standarts.

Ephesus Convention Centre, put into service in 2013 , has enabled Kuşadası to host many large-scale events. The venues and technical facilities provided for international conferences together with manifold local attractions, have made Kuşadası an ideal location for such events.

Kuşadası’s much loved hiking routes have also placed it among the most prefferred locations for nature lovers and sports enthusiasts. The Dilek Peninsula Nationaal park, with its beaches and coves and its walking routes for observing various species of plants and wildlife, attracts the visitors. On the walking routes clean and crips air accompany you as you go in search of the many indigenous plants and animals.

The thermal springs near Davutlar offer another alternative. The thermal springs have provided a combination of natural beauty and natural health to visitors across the centuries. Modern facilities, including the option of restful accommodation, have been designed to blend in with the natural beauty and tranquillity of the area.

Nature summons camping enthusiasts to Kuşadası. There are numerous camping sites, offering the best of modern facilities and services to campers.

Asyalı (Yaren) Cave at Kirazlı village is the meeting place for the lovers of adventure. The cave is 110 meters long and reaches a depth of 36 meters. To reach it, you need to walk for three kilometres from Dereagzı, on the road to Kuşadası.

Zeus Cave, resting place of Zeus, the mythological king of gods and goddesses, is situated in an enchanting part of the Dilek Peninsula National Park. The national park is a heaven on earth. The cave, named after Zeus, is a major attraction for hikers and cave enthusiasts. Access to the cave is through a slate-paved pathway which is about 20 metres long. Many visitors assamble at the sight of Zeus Cave and its formation. The place, a fitting habitat for mythological gods and goddesses, is actually a sinkhole whose base resembles a pool with a spring. Here Zeus, king of gods, frequently teasted his brother Poseidon. Growing angry, Poseidon used his trident to raise the waves, and created a storm. To save himself from Poseidon’s fury, Zeus took shelter in the pool at a depth of 10 to 15 meters. There he bathed and found peace. The clear mineral water with a hint of green is a mixture of spring water filtered from the mountains and salt water seeping in from the sea. This is the sight that tourists flock to see. In the cave and pool where Zeus found peace and tranquillity, visitors now enjoy going for a dip.

The cyristal clear waters of the sea and underwater attractions are irresistible. Kuşadası is a prime location for travel agencies and hotels catering for water sports. Every kind of opportunities for the water sports are presented in Kuşadası together with the spectacular natural beauties. These beauties make the activities much more enjoyable.

Going on safari remains one of the favourite activities that Kuşadası offers. For horse riding enthusiasts there are many opportunities for horse back safaris. In addition, jeep safari and Quad (ATV) safaris are offered by various travel agents for those with a spirit of adventure.

The Handicrafts of Kuşadası

Kuşadası is a part of Aydın Province, and the handicrafts of the region are highly acclaimed. The colourful hand-woven carpets and kilims, and saddlebag-style handbags bearing Turcoman and Yörük motifs, made with fibres imbued with natural dyes, are much admired. Also tents of woven goat-hair, and sacks of the same material, made by the nomadic Yörük people, along with traditional clothes and headgear, needle lace, embriodery, applique and artefacts made out of wood, are also noteworthy. In order to help the traditional handicrafts to proposer in the modern age, training and practical experience courses are regularly held, the products are exhibited to visitors and some made available for purchase.

Not only gourments but also the gastronomes agree that the cuisine of Kuşadası is rich and delicious.

Kuşadası cuisine examplifies the cuisine of Aydın province; its specialist can be sampled in both traditional and modern restaurants. The best known products of the region are figs, grapes, and olives.

Kuşadası is gastronomically very active. It holds the record for the “largest open buffet in the world”. Every year the traditional Gastronomic Festival of Kuşadası is held in the town to promote its mouth-watering cuisine.

Vegetable dishes cooked with olive oil and served cold, soups, seafood, citrus fruits, Seville orange jam, various fig and grape wines, desserts such as semolina halva, saffron-coloured rice pudding (zerde), milk pudding (muhallebi), rice pudding (sütlac), Noah’s pudding (aşure), fried pancake balls in syrup (lokma), rice-flour pudding sprinkled with roasted sesame seeds (pelvize), hot casserole, black-eyed peas in olive oil (börülce), stuffed wine leaves (yaprak sarma), aubergines and chilli peppers fried in olive oil and served with a tomato-onion-garlic sauce (kırlı kızartma), tomato-chilli pepper-cottage cheese salad (gipsy pilaf), black-bryony shoots and wild asparagus fried in olive oil (sarmaşık-kedirgen kavurma), fennel fried with wild leek and served with egg and yoghurt (arap saçı), meat and artichoke hearts stuffed with a meat sauce (etli enginar), fried aubergines (patlıcan kavurma) are the dishes most favoured in Kuşadası. The rich local specialities, such as salads of golden thisle (şevketi bostan), purslane (semiz otu), wild radish (turp otu), served with fried meatballs (yuvarlama) and pastry filled with an aubergine-tomato-chilli-garlic mix (paşa böreği) and fried vegetables (sebze ızgara) offer a plethora of choice: a veritable cornucopia of gustatory delights.

Centre of entertainment: Kuşadası

The dolphinarium of Adaland (Aquapark) offers various performances by dolphins, the main attraction. As well as such entertainment, visitors may swim alongside the dolphins which will certainly be a unique experience.

If you are looking for music and dance, The Kaleiçi (Citadel) and the Street of Bars offer a variety of choice. You can enjoy authecnic Turkish Music as well as music of various styles from many different countries. You may watch dance shows or take part in them. Bars, cafes, clubs and discos provide entertainment catering to all tastes, and sometimes you might find yourself in the mids of a surprise party. Besides, most hotels offer evening shows and performances.

Comfortable Accommodation

Kuşadası offers visitors various types of accommodation, ranging from modern and comfortable hotels to traditional and authentic pension-style accommodation. Hotels also provide an exquisite choice of Turkish cuisine as well as entertainment and shopping facilities. Camping facilities are also available.

Pleasure of shopping in Kuşadası

Being a centuries-old port city, Kuşadası has a long tradition of commerce. More than four thousand shops welcome visitors to a shopping haven. Carpets whose motifs reflect the local culture, colourful kilims, leather jackets and other items, jewellery of gold and silver, tiles displaying remarkable design and colours, real spices, local clothing, decorative objects, authentic home decorations, blue amulets, water pipes or hubble-bubbles (nargile), ceramics, rare Turkish coffee cups, souvenirs …. Is’s an Alaaddin’s cave of infinite variety.

Car hire (rent a car) may facilitate your visit

To visit the sights around Kuşadası you may prefer to hire your own car. Many car hire companies offer a comprehensive service

Do not leave Kuşadası unless you have;

Explored the untouched nature of the Dilek Peninsula National Park

Visited güvercinada, Öküz Mehmet Pasha caravanserai and Çalıkuşu House

Visited the port of Kuşadası, and taken a boat trip

Toured the most secluded coves of the Aegean Sea

Swum at Blue-Flag beaches, and taken a dive at the best diving spots

Seen the Zeus Cave

Found health and beauty at the thermal springs and spas

Tasted the cuisine of Kuşadası

Enjoyed a dose of retail therapy

Inspected the regional handicrafts

Enjoyed some evening entertainment

Those are the things you must do before leaving Kuşadası.

Important contact information

Kuşadası coach terminus: 00 90 256 614 39 81

Tourism information: 00 90 256 614 11 03

District governorship: 00 90 256 614 10 16

Municipality: 00 90 256 614 10 03 – 614 24 64 – 614 10 93

State hospital: 00 90 256 618 24 14

Dilek peninsula national park: 00 90 256 614 10 09
Kuşadası

The antique area Lycia on the beach part of the Teke Peninsula which is between the bay of Antalya and Fethiye, coincides with the part of the Lukka country in the Hittite writings and goes all the way down to 9 B.C. They call themselvesas the Trmmili and with this the give trail that their motherland was what is known today as the Dirmil Plateau. The common name “Lycia” coming from the Hellen Language, is an adaptation of “Lukka” which is from the Hittite language.

The Lycians are an important branch of the Indian-European origined Luvians who are related to the Hittite and are in fact the closest to. According to Heredotos, their “some of their customs being close to the Cretans, and some others being close to the Carians” originates from all of them being from the Luvian relative circles. Their “matriarchal structure being like no one elses”, even though argued about in the old times sciences, can be interpreted as their believing in a Mother God differing from the beliefs of the Hittites. All these scientific writings written by Heredotos, says that the motherland of the Lycians is Cretan and from there they migrated to Anatolia, but this contradicts with the myth of the Sarpedon/Minos. In this story it is true that they called themselves Termiller. It also comes across us in the Sarpedon that the supreme commander of the Lycians Homeros in the Ilias epopee was the most powerful ally of Hektor against the Hellens in Troia.

It is understood from their being in the first place between the 22 in the Assuva Confederation made against the Hittites that the Lycians had a national power in 2000 B.C. It is seen that they had a big role in Anatolia’s freedom, being sided with the Hittites against the Egyptians in Kadesh, and fighting bravely against the Hellens in Troy. It is because of this that when the Persians invaded Anatolia in 540 B.C. they did not interfere with any of Lycia’s interior laws but only made them pay taxes. When they were passed to the Athenas, this time when the Hellens came to collect their taxes they were defeated heavily. The Lycia Alliance going against the Rodos in 168/167 B.C. is because of the same reasons.

The French intellectual Montesquieus description of the first Lycia democratic rules used in history is also important in this way; because it is argued that the United States based their laws upon the Lycian laws. The Lycian Union is a national Union, and the amount of countries and cities that join or leave are all Lycian. The Union’s capital is Patara, and the other cities which had the 3 rights to vote were Ksanthos, Pinara, Olympos, Myra and Tlos. Within time Limyra replaced Olympos, and Telmessos replaced Pinara. While places in the Union Congress like Kadyanda and Phellos represented 2 votes, places like Arykanda represented only one. Areas like Teimiussa, Simena, Aperlai, and Apollonia which are small neighbor areas join with one vote. The Lycian Parlamento would determine the representatives by how big and populated the cities were. The Lycian law system was much more complicated and unique than the law systems used nowadays. Because of this their law system was restored by the Turkish Congress and patara was recommended to become an antique heritage within the UNESCO.

The Lycian language is nearest to Luvian language. It consists of 29 letters and 19 of them were taken from the Anatolian people of Ionia’s language. It is seen for the first time in 400 B.C. on their coins. Philologists believe that during 400 B.C. Lycian was totally turned into Hellen language due to the Macedonian Great Alexander. But even though that happened, Opramoas from Rhodiapolis and Torquatos from Trebenna or Trokondas who were known Lycians were able to keep their Lycian name even during the Roman times.

The Lycians, unlike the new Hittites or Ionians were ruled by their own cities, and never established the Lycian Alliance or when they were under the Roman Empire. And because of this reason, the fourth king of Hittite Tuthaliye named his expedition in 1300 B.C. the “Lukka Expedition” but he only took over places that were near Lycian areas. They were called Dalava (Tlos), Pina/Pinale (Pinara), Avarna/Arnna (Ksanthos) and Patar/Pttara (Patara). Unlike when Lycia was under Persian control, when they were under the control of Athena, who had huge victories against the Persians, their relations were always hostile. We can tell this is because the cities were forced to act upon Athena’s demands. After the Peloponnes wars, Lycia returns to Persian control, but this time, around 380 B.C., with Perikle from Limyra, Lycia has a successful victory against the Persians and even if for a short time they become a “state”. Perikle is named the first and last Lycian King. However during 360 B.C. with the Satrap Uprise which fails, they are handed over to Karia Satrap Muassolos by the Persians.

The land which Alexander took from the Persians in 334 B.C., was under the macedonian control during 300 B.C. it is in the control of the Sleucus, and in 188 B.C., the land is given to the Roman Empire under the control of Rhodes.When the Lycians uprised against this decision in 167 B.C., the Roman Empire decide to leave the country alone and with that Lycia Union is mad. With the continuing plundering against Roman states, and the pirates in cities like Olympos and Phaselis, the Roman Emperor Claudius turns Lycia into a Roman state in 43 B.C. and merges Vespanianus and its neighboring area Pamphylia and makes them one part of the Empire. During the “Roman Peace” era, just like the other Anatolian areas Lycia goes through a bright era.

During the 4th century, with the new religion Christianity, and the new country East Rome, Lycia is one of the areas where this religion is seen most. Two of the most important saints of the Orthodox world Methodius and Nikolaos are from here. In the 7th century, with the Arabian incursion, the Lycian people decide to move to the mountains and leave the coastal areas.

When the Turks lead by the Teke Sons came into the area in the 13th century, the Turks also mostly lived in the mountains instead of coastal areas and lived togother with the Lycians. At the beginning of the 19th century, the Ottoman Empire will open their lands to the Greek people to live. During This continuum the archaic areas of Lycia like Kas (Antifellos) changes its name to Andifli; so does Phellos to Felen, Kombe to Gombe, Kandyba to Gendive, Kalamaki to Kalkan, Phonikos to Firnaz, Podamia to Bodamya and Kalamos to Gelemis.

Lycia Road is Turkey’s first long distance hiking spot which presents its visitors great beauties of nature. Starting from Fethiye reaching to Antalya and called Lycia in history, this route is made by pinpointing locations on map of Teke Peninsula’s trails. Parcour constructions begun on 1992 and finished on 1999. Until 2015 this road is 509 km long with Citdibi and Geyikbayırı stages then ending on Geyikbayırı area reaching 535 kilometers long. To feel the mystery of Ancient Lycia and beauty of Antalya hiking on this road will makeyou visit many creeks and barren mountain villages. This path presents its visitors a change to get to know the culture of Mediterranean and witness majestic natural views. On the road from east to west, respectively Idyros, Phaselis,, Korykos, Olympos, Posidarisus, Melanippe, gagai, Phoinikos, Andriake, Simena, Teimussa, Aperlai, Antiphellos, Kalamaki, Phoinike, Patara, Pydnai, Arymnessos/Perdiiai, Kalabantia, Telmessos, Krya, Lissa, and Lydia Ancient Cities are lined.

Northeast of Antalya on the Side road take the turn off for tasagil and beskonak, for the beautiful circular, scenic route that leads to the Koprulu Canyon National Park. The road crisscrosses over the clear, flowing water of the mountain river and passes through virgin forests and over rippling waterfalls. You will want to stop often and give your camera workout in this picturesque valley. reaching the park, 92 km from Antalya, you will encounter a valley of wild beauty rich in flora and fauna. The canyon stretces for 14 km along the Kopru River and is 400 meters deep in some places. At the rest area there are fish restaurants offering delicious selections. The Roman Oluk Bridge over the canyon and the Bugrum Bridge over the Kocadere stream were engineering feats in their time. From this park there are two other possible excursions; the ancient city of Selge and the Dedegol Mountains. The highest peak in this mountain range is dedegol at 2992 meters. Mountaineers will be unable to resist climbing, exploring and camping in this rudged, scenic spot. Return to Antalya via the other half of the scenic route.

Kaputas beach, is a long beach between Kas and Kalkan in southwestern Turkey. It is situated at a distance of 20 km from kas and 7 km from Kalkan, at a point where an extremely narrow valley towered by steep cliffs and forests joins the sea shore in the cove of the same name as the beach (Kaputas). The beach is quite popular among visitors to the region due to its untouched natural beauty commanded by a view from the heights traversed by Kas – Kalkan road.

There are no fixed amenities in Kaputas Beach, with only ambulant vendors who set up small stands selling snacks during the day. The beach is reached by stairs descending from the road and is guarded by the municipality of Kalkan.It is a favorite stopover for yachts along the Blue Cruise, although the open sea, and sometimes also the cove itself, can be quite unstable and wavy. The sea gets deep rather close the the beach in Kaputas.

Duden Waterfalls are a group of waterfalls in the province of Antalya, Turkey. The waterfall, formed by the Duden River which is one of the major rivers of southern Anatolia is located 12 km north-east of Antalya; which ends where the limpid waters of the Lower Duden Falls drop off a rocky cliff directly into the Mediterranean Sea in a dazzling show.

Most of the domestic and foreign tourist visiting Antalya only Dudenbasi Falls without noticing how these falls come out from the deep section of the water by making syphon (by pressure) and without knowing that these are the part of an exciting hydrogeologic and Karstic system.

At the spot where the cascades fall into the Mediterranean is an attractive park. In spring when water is plentiful this is a sight not to be missed. They can be seen from the sea by talking a boat trip from Antalya yacht harbour which is a very pleasant trip.

Selge is situated north of Manavgat, at the Antalya Alanya highway. An important city of ancient Pisidia, Selge is reached from the Koprulu Canyon National Park then at Oluk Bridge go 12 km to the northwest on a winding mountain road. This ancient route coming from Antalya shows that Selge had direct trade connections. Tha fariy chimneys seen on the way are typical of this area. This city at 950 meters, has ruins of city walls, tower, cisterns, a temple to Zeus, an agora, stadium, theater, gymnasium and necropolis. All around the canyon are other historical remains of this once famous city.

Serik is a town and district in Antalya Province of Turkey, 38 km (24 mi) east of the city of Antalya, along the Mediterranean coast.

Towards the coast the district is mainly flat farmland, used for growing vegetables, while the inland half of Serik is forested hills and the Taurus Mountains. The district has a typical Mediterranean climate of hot, dry summers and warm, wet winters, and the natural vegetation is dry shrubs.

Serik itself is a town of 30,579 people. The city of Antalya is nearby limiting the potential for retailing and commerce in Serik, but there is some light industry. There is a well-known köfte and piyaz restaurant in the town centre; the piyaz is served with a sesame (tahin) sauce.

Although wealthy and only 15km from the wild amenities on the coast, the people of Serik are typically conservative and traditional in outlook. The population includes many who still identify themselves as Yörük or Turkmen, descendants of the nomadic people that populated the area during the Ottoman Empire and before. These are close-knit communities shunning outside influence and new immigration, prompting some Turkish people to give it the nickname Capital of a Yörük Republic, an echo of the vivaciously preserved traditions and lifestyle. Although the district has seen a large influx of migrant workers in agriculture and tourism most business in the town is still very much in the hands of these original Turkmen people.

With 22 km (14 mi) of coastline including the busy resort town of Belek the district of Serik is a major centre of Turkey’s tourism industry, attracting 30 million visitors each year. Belek has over 30 5 star hotels and golf courses. Places of interest include the ruins of Sillion and Aspendos, the cave of Zeytinlitas and Ucansu waterfall.

Two important cities here in antiquity were Sillion, a colony of the Kingdom of Pergamon, and Aspendos,one of the most important Pamphylian cities. Aspendos is situated on the point where the Kopru River meets the sea. Once an important port and a commercial centre, it had a reputation for raising the best horses on earth. The odeon, basilica, galleria and fountains are worth seeing.

The area was named Serik after a Turkish tribe that settled here, one of many waves of Turkish settlers attracted to this coast throughout history.

The lovely town of Kemer is found where the Taurus Mountains meet the crystal clear waters of the Mediterranean. Green forests accompany the everlasting trio of white sands, turquoise sea and warm sun. Ancient cities and the best in cantemporary entertainment, shopping and accommodation provide the ideal setting for a complete holiday.

Kemer is one of the most popular holiday destinations of both Antalya and the Mediteranean coast with its yatch harbour; its sub-districts, Göynük, Çamyuva and Tekirova, surrounded by pine forest; and its cobble Stone streets lined with palm trees, cafes, bars, restaurnats and boutiques. This small district leans on the pine forest clad Taurus Mountains, and visitors find both tranquillity and the opportunity top it themselves against natue in adventure sports.

Boat tours departing from Kemer Yatch Harbour visit untouched beaches in local coves amidst promontories surrounded by crystal waters, while following the trial of the glorious Lycian Civilisation through the coastal cities of Antiquity. The boat trips to ancient cities make visiting Kemer an unforgettable experience.

Kemer is the ideal place to see the ruins of the major settlements of Lycian Civilisation, and visitors enjoy breathing in history while immersed in the natural beautiful scenery.

The Karain Cave proves that human habitation in Antalya dates to the Palaeolithic Ages, and consequently has a great importance for Anatolian as well as world history. The Beldibi Cave, situated on the highway between Antalya and Kemer, also provides fascinating clues to the human history of the region, and is a focus of interest for visitors as well as cave experts. Its striking wall paintings depict animal and human figures as well as symbols indicating the life styles and belief systems of the ancient inhabitants. Excavations at the cave, which is a protected archaeological site, have brought to the surface the shells of sea creatures, as well as flint tools dating back to the Palaeolithic and Mesolithic Ages.

These historical artefacts and the ruins of ancient cities in Kemer and its environs help us touch the common past of humanity and better understand ourselves. Those ancient cities were established on the littoral of the sea and their natural harbours made them significant trading posts.
Ancient city of Phaselis, the first stopover for yatchs;
The first stop on the routes of yachts departing Kemer to visit the local coves and settlements of Antiquity is the Ancient City of Phaselis. That visitors swim in the same waters which cooled bathers thousands of years ago makes them feel a sense of antiquity and provides a unique experience.
Phaselis is located on a promontory covered by gren forest. The site of the ruins is easily accessible from kemer and it is situated on the lower slopes of the Mount Tahtalı that were once surrounded by the rose gardens.
The city of Phalesis was famous for its rose oil extraction and agricultural produce, and its three natural harbours gave it a privileged trading position on the coastral trading routes of the eastern Mediterranean. The city was founded by the Doran colonists coming from Rhodes Island in the 7th century BC. The trading importance of Phalises endured, and in the 6th century BC the city fell into the hands of Persians. In 333 BC, Alexander the Great took the city from the Persians. The important position of the city on the naval trading route was demonstrated by the Egyptian rulet hat lasted more than a century after the death of Alexander the Great, as it is one of the important stopover ports on the route to Egypt. Until 160 BC, when it came under Roman rule, the city remained yet under the domination of rulers of Rhodes. Under Roman rule Phalesis became a part of the Lycian League. However, it fell to the hands of corsairs, who were attracted to its harbours and favourable situation and repeatedly attacked there and the city was retaken by the Romans after a while. During the Byzantine Period, the city became the seat of a bishopric and yet again became the target of corsair attacks. Its power waned in the 3rd century AD, and during the Seljuk rule of Anatolia, the hrbours at Alanya and Antalya became more prominent and Phaselis lost its importance.
The three harbours of Phaselis are known as the North harbour, military harbour and South harbour. Today, attractive ruins line both sides of the main road connecting the military harbour to the South harbour. The sidewalks on both sides of the flagstone road are elevated and can be reached by three steps. The drainage and sewage system laid under the road represents the developed city planning skills of the Lycian Civilisation. On the west side of the road, leading up to the square, there are shops, a marble floored bathhouse and a gymnasium which had a mosaic decorated flor. On this side of the road is also an agora, surrounded with statues, shops and porticoes in the past and was named after the Emperor Hadrian as it was commissioned during his reign (117 – 138 AD). A rectangular plan basilica and a cistern are situated next to the agora. Adjacent to the large square is the Domitian agora with two Gates one of which bears an inscription in honour of the Emperor Domition (81 – 96 AD). At the end of the road, Hadrian’s Gate, erected to the glory of the emperor, had a magnificent view over the South harbour.
The ruins on the east side of the road include a theatre built into a hill, with a commanding view of the site. The archaeological features of the theatre suggest that it was built earlier, but was extensively repaired and altered during the Roman and Byzantine periods. Below the theatre was the bathhouse, and to the south of the bathhouse were the mosaic decorated city lavatories. Up the slope from the theatre was the city acropolis. In the acropolisi apart from the palace and official buildings, was the Temple of Athena, which housed the spear of Achilles, the Temple of Heracles, the Temple of Hestia and the Temple of Hermes.

Phaselis was surrounded by aqueducts, as well as defensive walls to protect it from corsair attacks, both of which can be visited and are interesting additions to a tour of the ruins along the main road.
The underwater ruins of Phaselis are definetely worth a visit, and are visible to swimmers in the bay. Among the ruins are the wave breaks and several Sarcophagi. The extension of city walls in the sea forms the wave breaker fort he military harbour. The ruins of the necropolis next to the North harbour contain various types of tombs and sarcophagi.
The enchanting coast of Olympos
Charming Olympos, with its natural beauty and superb accommodation options, is a favourite stopping point for yatchs departing Kemer. Olympos is the ideal place to explore and rest in the peace and quiet of enchanting nature, forgoing time and space on a fantastic coastline, amid the splendid ruins of Antiquity, among forests and tree houses, and the fire that has been burning for thousands of years. With its accomodation facilities togother with its nature, Olympos is one of the most preffered destnations for a holiday.
The Olympos coast attracts many visitors every year – including migrating loggerhead sea turtles (caretta caretta)! The beaches are one of the few breeding grounds of the sea turtles, and have been taken under environmental protection.
The beaches and ruins of Olympos, adorned with nerium oleanders and bay laurels, are about 35 kilometres outside Kemer. The road from Kemer leading west follows the coastline until it reaches Ulupınar Village, then passes through the forest to reach Olympos. The Ancient City of Olympos is situated to the South of Phaselis, near the Çıralı Village, and it was one of the prominent members of the Lycian League in the 2nd century BC. Just like its neighbouring city Phaselis, Olympos too suffered the corsair raids on account of its attractive position, and was famous during the Roman Period for the cult of Hephaestus, the god of fire and metalwork. Later, Olympos once more became a target of corsairs and lost its riches and importance. However it had not departed the scene of history until the 15th century A.D.
The ruins of the ancient city that survive from the Roman and Byzantine eras are adorned with bay laurel trees and situated along the stream (Akdere) once passing through the middle of the city. During the Antiquity the sides of the stream were walled and became a canal allowing ships to come into the city as far as the bridge connecting both sides of the city. Today, only the pillars of the bridge are visible. The main road of Olympos runs paralel to the stream. A hill, which is visible from the beach, bears the ruins of the defensive walls belonging to Olympos acropolis that was later converted into a fortress during the Middle Ages. Under the acropolis there are two burial chambers used in the 2nd and 5th centuries A.D. There is one sarcophagus in one of the chambers and two sarcophagi in the other. The floor of chambers containing two sarcophagi was decorated with lion and soldier depicting masaics. One of the sarcophagi bears a relief of a ship and an inscription mentioning the voyages of the Captain Eudomos who is believed to be the person interred in the tomb. Along the stream are the ruins of a monumental tomb containing two sarcophagi. Near the tomb are the ruins of a bishop’s house which had two storeys and mosaic adorned floors from the 5th century A.D. Also a temple of lonic order is visible among the ruins. The temple once erected on columns lie scattered among the trees. Only the gate is standing at present. The inscription over the gate states that the temple was built during the region of Emperor Marcus Aurelius.
The other side of the stream can be reached by stepping stones, and is the site of the bathhouse, theatre, walls and basilica ruins. The theatre probably from the Roman period while the walls and the basilica are Byzantine. On that side are also the three side colonnaded large building believed to be the agora and gymnasium, another Byzantine building and the city’s necropolis.

Yanartas, the eternal light for seafarers and the legendary fire setting alight the olympic torch
Yanartas, is about an hour’s walk from the Olympos ruins and famous for its role in mythology. The tale tells the story of the hero Bellerophon, who captured the legendary wingd-horse Pegasus, and vanquished the monster Chimera, which had a lion’s head, a goat’s body, and a serpent’s tail.
Bellerophon had been slandered as he refused the love of the wife of Proethus, King of Argos. The Queen lied to her husband and told him that Bellerophon since he was a guest at this table, and was afraid of Zeus, as enemy to those who broket he rules of hospitality between host and guest. So he devised a scheme which would result in the death of Bellerophon, asking him to carry a letter to the King of Lycia. The letter explicitly said that Bellerophon should be punished with death. The King of Lycia, similarly fearing the wrath of Zeus, could not kill bellerophon directly, but charged him with killing the monster Chimera, a task he believed would be fatal in the attempt. However, Bellerophon overcome all difficulties with the aid of his winged horse, Pegasus, and he managed to bury Chimera to the seventh layer under the earth. Proethus gave Bellerophon further difficult tasks, but was finally unable to overcome his luck and courage. Bellerophon won Proethus benevolence and was given his doughter’s hand.
As the legend goes, the fires of Yanartaş, which have not been extinguished for thousands of years, were the flames pouring out of the Chimera’s mounth. It is also claimed that the Olympic torch was originally lit by from those flames. The holy site, which was renowned as the seat of the cult of Hephaestus, the god of fire and metalwork in the distant past, bears the ruins of a church from the Byzantine Period, and reflects the zeitgeist with its charming flames.
Idyros an important harbour for ancient mariners
At the heart of Kemer, near the marina and Ayışığı Beach stand the ruins of the Ancient City of Idyros. Idyros, as a good harbour was one of the important waypoints for coastal sea journeys during the Antiquity. Among the ruins it is possible to see an early Roman watchtower, a basilica dating to the 3rd century AD, a bridge as well as a church, believed to be from Byzantine Period, with its impressive, geometric flor decorations made of large and colourful mosaic pieces.
The only example of Turkish – Islamic architecture
History enthusiasts will be interested in the Seljuk Hunting Lodge, which dates to the first half of the 13th century, and is the only example of Turkish – Islamic architecture in Kemer. The lodge, surrounded by pine trees, is very close to the entrance of Kemer.
Yörük Park to get in touch with recent past
The existing settlement in Kemer was begun at the beginning of the 20th century. In that period the nomadic Turcomans (Yörüks), who spend the winter months on the temperate coast and in summer climb high pastures to avoid sweltering heath, settled in Kemer. Two town’s name also dates to this period. In those days, an arch shaped wall was erected to prevent flood waters running from the higher slopes. The inhabitants were inspired by the wall and started to call the settlement “Kemer”. The arched wall is known as “Kemer” in Turkish, hence the name.
The Yörük Park is one of the symbols of Kemer, and it is well worth a visit. The park is an open air museum revealing through artefacts the hidden life and culture of nomads, who live in Kemer in winter, and migrate to the high pastures of the Taurus Mountains during the summer months. Visitors have the opportunity to become acquainted with a traditional life style on the verge of disappearing, and to enjoy traditional Yörük Food. Local dishes include gözleme, thin flat bread baked on a hotplate laid over open fire and stuffed with cheese and wild herbs accompanied with ayran, a yoghurt drink. Also, the visitors can sit back at wooden tables and benches to enjoy the panoramic scenery overlooking the coast of Kemer and Ayışıgı.
How to enjoy the attractive beauty sports in Kemer and its environs
Archaeological riches, untouched hidden coves, pebble beaches with clear waters, cool high pastures and the oxygen rich atmosphere of pine forests enable Kemer to offer activities for all types of discerning visitors. Sun bathing, swimming. Diving, skiing, mountain climbing or trekking to the ruins of Antiquity are all available within a short distance of town.
Olympos-Bey Mountains National Park
Kemer is part of an environmental protection zone because of its rich diversity of flora and fauna. The zone, known as the Olympos-Bey Mountains National Park extends from the Konyaaltı Beach in the centre of Antalya, and covers the natural and historical sites on the mountains runnings paralel to the seacoast up to the Kırlangıç Peninsula. The National Park is full of archaeological riches, beautiful natural beaches, camp sites where the forests meet the sea and tranquil picnic areas. The worth visiting parts of the Park are especially Çıralı, Phaselis, Olympos, Topçam, Çatlıcak, Beldibi, Göynük, Kındıl Çeşme and Alacasu.
Unavoidable triad: Sea, sun, and sand
The blue flag coastlines of Tekirova, Göynük, Çamyuva and Kiriş, the Municipal Beach in the centre of Kemer and Ayışığı (moonlight) Beach near the marina are the best options to enjoy the bright sun and clean, crystal clear sea. Along with swimming and sun bathing, these beaches also provide facilities for alternative water sports such as windsurfing, water skiing, jet-ski and parasailing.
Tahtalı cable car
Tahtalı cable car allows visitors to enjoy cool mountain breezers and spectatular panoramas just in minutes after swimming in the sea or to ski in autumn, winter, and spring. Departing from sea level, the cable car reaches the summit of Tahtalı Mountain in just ten minutes, and carries its passengers to the ski runs, and the summit restaurants through a mgnificent panaromic view over the mountains and coast along the longest cable in Europa. The sight of the shimmering Mediteranean, the intircate lace work of coves and bays, and the magnificent peaks of the Taurus Mountains, is beyond description.
Adventures in nature
The Mediterranean’s wealth of natural wonders offers diving enthusiasts the opportunity to explore the enchanting underwater world. There are some rewarding and exceptional diving sports along the Kemer coast. The wreck of the French naval ship, Paris 2, which was sunk just outside the Kemer Marina during the first World War, is one of the most exciting diving sports. Reaching the wreck requires experience and fitness and offers a unique opprtunity to connect with a piece of history. In Kemer are also several diving schools catering to the needs of divers at all levels of experience.
The Jeep Safari on the high roads along the Taurus Mountain range at places such as Sogut Cumasi, Altinyaka and Dereköy is another way to enjoy the striking beauty of forest an sea from above. The adventure drive through the sweet scent of pine trees and wild flowers includes opportunities for picnicking along streams and visiting the ruins at Olympos.
Horseback riding is another option for those who wish to enjoy oxygen rich atmosphere of the high pastures above Kemer but are not keen on driving a jeep. There are many horse farms in Kemer that provide the facilities for horseback riding.
One of the longest trails of the world is the Lycian Road that passes through Kemer, and a must activity in Kemer is to trek at least a part of the road. In Goynuk Canyon the trekking is quite demanding and walkers may be obliged to dive into the cool water. There are many opportunities for photography enthusiasts to snatch fnatcastic photos on the road. The canyon is thickly lined with magnificent trees and, on many occasions, trekkers are obliged to descend to the river and swim across. The panaromic vista only enjoyed by those who reach the head of the gorge makes it worth all the effort.
The rhythm of music and dance
Kemer provides a lively and enjoyable night life, with abundant clubs, bars and discos. Near the marina there are two streets well known as the bar and disco streets. They are lined with bars where various types of live music are performed and discos where colourful parties are enriched by the performances of renowned Djs. Any visitor, passing unawares through these streets, is liable to become caught in the rhythm of music and dance, and stay until the first lights of daybreak.

Adventures at International events
Every year international festivities and sports competitions are organised in Kemer where locals and visitors alike participate and enjoy. The lively and colourful Carnival of Kemer held every year is full of concerts, sports activities such as beach volleyball tournament and street shows. The World Rally Championship takes various routes through the slopes of the Taurus Mountains, and brings crowds of paticipants and motor enthusiasts to Kemer. Speed and adrenalin lovers also enjoy the Kemer Offshore Powerboat Race, which is part of the Championship of Turkey.

Where to stay?
Kemer offers varied accommodation options; pensions, apart hotels, 5 star hotels, holiday resorts… In short, accommodation options to cater to every taste and budget. The coasts of Kemer, Tekirova, Göynük, Çamyuva and Kiris are lined with hotels and holiday resorts. The facilities have a large capacity and are able to meet every demand. Kemer has also become one of the prime locations for conferences, on the merits of its exceptional natura and comfortable hotels and facilities.

How to get there
Kemer is about 45 kilometers from the city center of Antalya, and is accessible by road, sea and air. Antalya Airport is about 55 kilometers from Kemer, and there is a regular minibus service from Antalya to Kemer running at 10 minutes intervals. The road west from Antalya towards follows the coastline and offers a pleasant journey through scenic mountains and seassapes.
As the Kemer Yacht Harbour provides landing and mooring facilities, Kemer is also easily and comfortably accessible by sea.

Dont leave Kemer unless you have
Visited the ruins of the ancient cities of Phaselis and Olympos, which whisper history, myth and legend;

Enjoyed the cable car ride above the magnificent scenery of the Mediterranean, its coves and inlets;
Lost yourself in the mythological story of Yanartas and enjoyed the romantic evenings there;
Trekked at least part of the Goynuk Canyon and one of the high pastures of Kemer;
Enjoyed a fresly caught trout alongside Ulupinar Stream where the ice cold water flows by;
Hunted for souvenirs through the shops selling indigenous carpets, kilims, jewellery, home decorations and clothing items while strolling around the cooble-stone streets of Kemer.